Performing obligatory (fard) prayers and Witr prayer after their prescribed time has passed is called "Qada" (making up). It is obligatory to make up for missed prayers in the past, and these prayer debts must be paid.
The Ruling on Qada Prayers
It is a major sin for Muslims to intentionally miss a prayer without a valid excuse. However, a person who misses a prayer due to oversleeping, forgetting, or uncontrollable reasons must make it up at the first opportunity.
How to Make the Intention for Qada Prayers?
When performing a Qada prayer, one must specify which prayer is being made up. If there are many missed prayers, one can intend like this: "I intend for the sake of Allah to perform the first (or last) obligatory Fajr prayer that I could not perform on time."
How to Perform Qada Prayers and How Many Rak'ahs?
Qada prayers are performed exactly as they are performed on time. Only the obligatory (fard) and Witr prayers are made up; Sunnah prayers are not made up (except for the Sunnah of Fajr if made up before noon of the same day).
- Fajr: 2 rak'ahs of fard are made up.
- Dhuhr: 4 rak'ahs of fard are made up.
- Asr: 4 rak'ahs of fard are made up.
- Maghrib: 3 rak'ahs of fard are made up.
- Isha & Witr: 4 rak'ahs of fard and 3 rak'ahs of Witr are made up.